Hydroelectric Power Plants fall into three different categories; – Impoundment Power Plants – Diversion Power Plants – Pumped Storage Power Plants 1. Impoundment Power Plants An Impoundment facility typically uses a store of river water from a dam in a reservoir. When water is released from the reservoir, it flows through a turbine which generates motion. This turning motion activates a generator to produce electricity. 2. Diversion Power Plants A Diversion is fairly similar to an Impoundment facility, but may not need the use of a dam, but works by channeling a portion of a river through a canal or a penstock. 3. Pumped Storage Power Plants The last type of Hydroelectric Power Plant is Pumped Storage. Pumped Storage stores its energy by pumping water uphill to a reservoir at a higher elevation. When there is a demand for power, the water is released from the high elevated reservoir into a lower reservoir. This generates electricity when it flows through a turbine generating motion, and electricity.
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To enable these efforts to be constantly and objectively evaluated, the Japan Nuclear Safety Institute (JANSI), evaluating the safety improvement activities of electric power companies and giving them technical advice, and the Nuclear Risk Research Center (NRRC), using Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) and proposing solutions based on R&D, were established. The electric power companies take to heart the evaluations and recommendations and are striving to achieve the highest safety level in the world.
In fact, most of the safety equipment can now be located within containment, resulting in fewer containment penetrations. The AP1000 plant's passive safety systems include: Passive Core Cooling System (PXS) Containment Isolation Passive Containment Cooling System (PCS) Main Control Room Emergency Habitability System High Pressure Safety Injection with Core Makeup Tanks (CMTs) Medium Pressure Safety Injection with Accumulators Low Pressure Reactor Coolant Make from the IRWST Passive Residual Heat Removal Automatic Depressurization System
Thermal Power Plants generate electricity by converting heat into electricity, essentially by burning a fuel. Thermal Power Plants fall into two different categories; – Nuclear Power Plants – Coal Power Plants 2. Nuclear Power Plants Nuclear power plants use reactors heat to turn water into steam. The steam is then sent through a turbine, which, as we've already learned, generates movement of a generator, which in turn generates electricity. A coal power plant works in much the same way, but instead of a nuclear reactor heating water to make steam, the heat from the burning coal powers a steam turbine. The next type of power plant we will look at is a solar power plant. This type of plant uses the suns energy to convert into electricity. This is achieved by using Photovoltaic, or PV panels, made up from a number of semiconductor cells that release electrons when they are warmed by the thermal energy of the sun. Solar energy is one of the cleanest ways of generating electricity. The solar panels get connected to the grid and can be used to supplement a thermal power plant resources.
Any Fuel whether Coal, Oil or Gas require its temperature to reach the ignition point in order for it to start burning. An ignition source is required to start the fire like the spark that lights the flame in your house gas burner. A furnace enclosure to contain the flame and the hot gases and a draft system to carry away the gases are an important prerequisite for combustion. What happens if the fuel is put into the furnace without any ignition source? The fuel accumulates inside the furnace without burning. In this condition if you introduce an ignition source or a spark then all the fuel starts burning at once resulting in a large explosion. Explosions cause extensive damage and prolonged outage of the plant. Explosions can also result in fatal injuries to the operators and bystanders. An elaborate furnace safeguard system regulates fuel supply to the boiler. These regulations are in place to avoid any occurrence of explosion. Following are some of the regulations. 1. An ignition source is a must to introduce fuel into a furnace.